absorb.md

Dorsa Sadigh

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Sim-to-Real Piano Playing in 30 Minutes: Residual RL Bridges the Millimeter-Precision Gap

HandelBot addresses the sim-to-real transfer failure mode for millimeter-precision dexterous tasks by layering two adaptation stages on top of a simulation-trained policy: a structured refinement pass that corrects lateral finger joint alignments from physical rollouts, followed by residual reinforcement learning to autonomously acquire fine-grained corrective actions. The system achieves successful bimanual piano playing across five songs with only 30 minutes of real-world interaction data, outperforming direct sim deployment by 1.8×. This demonstrates that targeted, staged adaptation — rather than end-to-end real-world training — can unlock high-precision dexterous manipulation at practical data costs.